• Latin name:
  Plumbum
• English name:
  Lead
• Year discovered:
  7000 BC
• Discovered by:
  ----
• Country of Discovery:
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• Cost per 100 grams:
  1.35 USD
• CAS Number:
  CAS7439-92-1
• Electron shell:
  K2-L8-M18-N32-O18-P4-Q0-R0

Lead is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.

• Atomic number:
  82
• Atomic weight (Relative atomic mass):
  207.216907578328 (g/mol)
• Density:
  11.34 (g/cm³)
• Melting point:
  327.46°C = 621.43°F = 600.61K
• Boiling point:
  1749.0°C = 3180.20°F = 2022.15K
• Valence electrons:
  2, 4
• Period:
  6
• Group:
  IVA
• Block:
  p - block
• Emission spectrum:
  

• Phase:
  Solid

  
• Fusion heat:
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• Specific heat:
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• Thermal expansion:
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• Vaporization heat:
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• Electron configuration:
  [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2
Oxidation states:

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• +2
• -
• +4
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• Ion charge:
  Pb^{2+, 4+}
• The ionization potential of an atom:
  7.417 (eV)
• Atomic radius:
  154 (pm)
• Covalent radius:
  145 (pm)
• Van der Waals radius:
  202 (pm)

• Electrical conductivity:
  4807692.30769231 (S/m)
• Electrical type:
  Conductor
• Magnetic type:
  Diamagnetism
• Volume magnetic susceptibility:
  -1.7 ⋅ 10^-5
• Mass magnetic susceptibility:
  -1.5 ⋅ 10^-9
• Molar magnetic susceptibility:
  -3.11 ⋅ 10^-10 (m³/mol)
• Resistivity:
  2.08 ⋅ 10^-7 (Ω · m)
• Superconducting point:
  -265.95°C = -446.71°F = 7.2K

• Debye temperature:
  -185.15°C = -301.27°F = 88K

• Colour:
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• CAS Number:
  CAS7439-92-1
• CID Number:
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• RTEC Number:
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• Brinell hardness:
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• Mohs hardness:
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• Vickers hardness:
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• Bulk modulus:
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• Young's modulus:
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• Liquid density:
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• Molar volume:
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• Poisson's ratio:
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• Shear modulus:
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• Speed of sound transmission:
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• Refractive index:
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• Thermal conductivity:
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• Electronegativity:
  2.33
• Valence electrons:
  2, 4
• Electron affinity:
  34.4183 kJ/mole

• Radioactive:
  No
• Half life:
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• Lifetime:
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• Neutron cross section, barn:
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• Universe contains "Lead" at the rate of
  ----
• Sun contains "Lead" at the rate of
  9.9 ⋅ 10^-5%
• Oceans contain "Lead" at the rate of
  3.0 ⋅ 10^-7%
• Human body contains "Lead" at the rate of
  0.00017121844062%
• The Earth's crust consists of "Lead" at the rate of
  0.0014%
• Meteorites consist of "Lead" at the rate of
  1.4 ⋅ 10^-4%