• Latin name:
  Hafnium
• English name:
  Hafnium
• Year discovered:
  1922
• Discovered by:
  ----
• Country of Discovery:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Cost per 100 grams:
  450 USD
• CAS Number:
  CAS7440-58-6
• Electron shell:
  K2-L8-M18-N32-O10-P2-Q0-R0

Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).

• Atomic number:
  72
• Atomic weight (Relative atomic mass):
  178.484981221495 (g/mol)
• Density:
  13.31 (g/cm³)
• Melting point:
  2233.0°C = 4051.40°F = 2506.15K
• Boiling point:
  4603.0°C = 8317.40°F = 4876.15K
• Valence electrons:
  4
• Period:
  6
• Group:
  
• Block:
  d - block
• Emission spectrum:
  

• Phase:
  Solid

  
• Fusion heat:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Specific heat:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Thermal expansion:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Vaporization heat:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  

• Electron configuration:
  [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d2 6s2
Oxidation states:

• 0
• -
• -2
• -
• -
• -
• +1
• +2
• +3
• +4
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• Ion charge:
  Hf⁴⁺
• The ionization potential of an atom:
  6.825 (eV)
• Atomic radius:
  208 (pm)
• Covalent radius:
  164 (pm)
• Van der Waals radius:
  212 (pm)

• Electrical conductivity:
  3021148.03625378 (S/m)
• Electrical type:
  Conductor
• Magnetic type:
  ----
• Volume magnetic susceptibility:
  7.05 ⋅ 10^-5
• Mass magnetic susceptibility:
  5.3 ⋅ 10^-9
• Molar magnetic susceptibility:
  9.46 ⋅ 10^-10 (m³/mol)
• Resistivity:
  3.31 ⋅ 10^-7 (Ω · m)
• Superconducting point:
  -273.02°C = -459.44°F = 0.128K

• Debye temperature:
  ----

• Colour:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• CAS Number:
  CAS7440-58-6
• CID Number:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• RTEC Number:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Brinell hardness:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Mohs hardness:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Vickers hardness:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Bulk modulus:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Young's modulus:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Liquid density:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Molar volume:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Poisson's ratio:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Shear modulus:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Speed of sound transmission:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Refractive index:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Thermal conductivity:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  

• Electronegativity:
  1.3
• Valence electrons:
  4
• Electron affinity:
  17.18 kJ/mole

• Radioactive:
  No
• Half life:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Lifetime:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  
• Neutron cross section, barn:
  Upgrade to the PRO version to unlock all the features in this app.

  

• Universe contains "Hafnium" at the rate of
  ----
• Sun contains "Hafnium" at the rate of
  1 ⋅ 10^-5%
• Oceans contain "Hafnium" at the rate of
  8.0 ⋅ 10^-8%
• Human body contains "Hafnium" at the rate of
  ----
• The Earth's crust consists of "Hafnium" at the rate of
  3.0 ⋅ 10^-4%
• Meteorites consist of "Hafnium" at the rate of
  1.7 ⋅ 10^-5%