• Latin name:
  Niobium
• English name:
  Niobium
• Year discovered:
  1801
• Discovered by:
  Charles Hatchett
• Country of Discovery:
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• Cost per 100 grams:
  73.4 USD
• CAS Number:
  CAS7440-03-1
• Electron shell:
  K2-L8-M18-N12-O1-P0-Q0-R0

Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.

• Atomic number:
  41
• Atomic weight (Relative atomic mass):
  92.9063732129128 (g/mol)
• Density:
  8.57 (g/cm³)
• Melting point:
  2477.0°C = 4490.60°F = 2750.15K
• Boiling point:
  4744.0°C = 8571.20°F = 5017.15K
• Valence electrons:
  2, 3, 4, 5
• Period:
  5
• Group:
  
• Block:
  d - block
• Emission spectrum:
  

• Phase:
  Solid

  
• Fusion heat:
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• Specific heat:
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• Thermal expansion:
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• Vaporization heat:
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• Electron configuration:
  [Kr] 4d4 5s1 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d4 5s1
Oxidation states:

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• +2
• +3
• +4
• +5
• -
• -
• -
• -
• Ion charge:
  Nb^{3+, 5+}
• The ionization potential of an atom:
  6.759 (eV)
• Atomic radius:
  198 (pm)
• Covalent radius:
  156 (pm)
• Van der Waals radius:
  207 (pm)

• Electrical conductivity:
  6578947.36842105 (S/m)
• Electrical type:
  Conductor
• Magnetic type:
  ----
• Volume magnetic susceptibility:
  2.408 ⋅ 10^-4
• Mass magnetic susceptibility:
  2.76 ⋅ 10^-8
• Molar magnetic susceptibility:
  2.56 ⋅ 10^-9 (m³/mol)
• Resistivity:
  1.52 ⋅ 10^-7 (Ω · m)
• Superconducting point:
  -263.90°C = -443.02°F = 9.25K

• Debye temperature:
  1.85°C = 35.33°F = 275K

• Colour:
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• CAS Number:
  CAS7440-03-1
• CID Number:
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• RTEC Number:
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• Brinell hardness:
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• Mohs hardness:
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• Vickers hardness:
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• Bulk modulus:
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• Young's modulus:
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• Liquid density:
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• Molar volume:
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• Poisson's ratio:
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• Shear modulus:
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• Speed of sound transmission:
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• Refractive index:
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• Thermal conductivity:
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• Electronegativity:
  1.6
• Valence electrons:
  2, 3, 4, 5
• Electron affinity:
  88.516 kJ/mole

• Radioactive:
  No
• Half life:
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• Lifetime:
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• Neutron cross section, barn:
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• Universe contains "Niobium" at the rate of
  2 ⋅ 10^-7%
• Sun contains "Niobium" at the rate of
  4 ⋅ 10^-5%
• Oceans contain "Niobium" at the rate of
  1.0 ⋅ 10^-8%
• Human body contains "Niobium" at the rate of
  2.14023051 ⋅ 10^-6%
• The Earth's crust consists of "Niobium" at the rate of
  0.002%
• Meteorites consist of "Niobium" at the rate of
  1.9 ⋅ 10^-5%