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118
11HVodorod2
13141516172HeGeliy
23LiLitiy4BeBerilliy5BBor6CUglerod7NAzot8OKislorod9FFtor10NeNeon
311NaNatriy12MgMagniy345678910111213AlAluminiy14SiKremniy15PFosfor16SOltingugurt17ClXlor18ArArgon
419KKaliy20CaKalsiy21ScSkandiy22TiTitan23VVanadiy24CrXrom25MnMarganets26FeTemir27CoKobalt28NiNikel29CuMis30ZnRux31GaGalliy32GeGermaniy33AsMishyak34SeSelen35BrBrom36KrKripton
537RbRubidiy38SrStronsiy39YIttiriy40ZrSirkoniy41NbNiobiy42MoMolibden43TcTexnetsiy44RuRuteniy45RhRodiy46PdPalladiy47AgKumush48CdKadmiy49InIndiy50SnQalay51SbSurma52TeTellur53IYod54XeKsenon
655CsSeziy56BaBariy57-71
La-Lu		72HfGafniy73TaTantal74WVolfram75ReReniy76OsOsmiy77IrIridiy78PtPlatina79AuOltin80HgSimob81TlTalliy82PbQo'rg'oshin83BiVismut84PoPolloniy85AtAstat86RnRadon
787FrFransiy88RaRadiy89-103
Ac-Lr		104RfRezerfordiy105DbDubniy106SgSiborgiy107BhBoriy108HsHassiy109MtMeytneriy110DsDarmshtadniy111RgRentgeniy112CnKopernitsiy113NhNihoniy114FlFleroviy115McMoskoviy116LvLivermoriy117TsTennessiy118OgOganesson
8119UueUnunenniy120UbnUnbiniliy121-126
Ubu-Ubh
57LaLanan58CeSeriy59PrPrazeodim60NdNeodim61PmPrometiy62SmSamariy63EuYevropiy64GdGadoliniy65TbTerbiy66DyDisprosiy67HoGolmiy68ErErbiy69TmTuliy70YbItterbiy71LuLutetsiy
89AcAktiniy90ThToriy91PaProtaktiniy92UUran93NpNeptuniy94PuPlutoniy95AmAmeritsiy96CmKyuriy97BkBerkliy98CfKaliforniy99EsEynshteyniy100FmFermiy101MdMendeleyviy102NoNobeliy103LrLaurensiy
121UbuUnbiuniy122UbbUnbibiy123UbtUnbitriy124UbqUnbikvadiy125UbpUnbipentiy126UbhUnbigeksiy127UbsUnbiseptium

Indikatorlar

Lakmus

Tabiiy kelib chiqishi - birinchi va eng taniqli kislota-asos (pH) indikatorlaridan biri.

Kislota
[H+] > [OH-] pH = 0
Neytral
[H+] = [OH-] pH = 7
Ishqoriy
[OH-] > [H+] pH = 14